This review aims at summarizing the recent advances made in the development of resilient adhesives reinforced with nanoparticles (NPs). Different aspects of nano-reinforced adhesives, including various types of NPs and their properties, various methods used for formulating and fabricating nanocomposites, their functioning mechanisms, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. In addition, the recent progresses made in improving the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of adhesives reinforced by NPs are addressed. Moreover, the mechanisms that contribute to altering the properties of such adhesives are briefly discussed. Finally, a brief review of bio-adhesives and bio-inspired adhesives is also provided